This project involves the Africa RISING’s Large-Scale Diffusion of Technologies for Sorghum and Millet Systems (ARDT_SMS) project, implemented in Sikasso and Mopti, Mali (2014–2017), aimed to improve food security and smallholder farmer incomes through enhanced sorghum and millet production. The project addressed low agricultural productivity and declining crop yields by introducing improved farming techniques, intercropping with cowpeas, and farmer training programs. It is expected to generate economic and social benefits by increasing crop yields (30% for millet, 60% for sorghum) and raising farmer incomes (up to 126 USD/ha for millet, 115 USD/ha for sorghum). A comprehensive cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was conducted in line with international best practices, assessing the project’s financial viability, economic efficiency, and distributional impacts. The analysis included yield projections, adoption rate estimates (50% due to market constraints), and sensitivity scenarios, supporting decision-making for USAID/Mali and the Government of Mali. The findings reinforce the success of technology-driven interventions while highlighting the need for future phases to integrate market linkages and credit access to maximize impact.